Posted on 26/2/2025
Private Wealth
Simon Hele
Welcome to another edition of the Charts That Matter. My name is Simon Hele, and I’m joined by the Chair of the Perks Investment Committee, Christo Hall. Christo, welcome.
Christo Hall
Thanks, Simon. Good to be here.
Simon Hele
As we return from the Christmas break, there’s lots to talk about. Firstly, Christo, where is the world economically?
Christo Hall
Well, it’s been an incredible, last quarter, Simon. So, I suppose if you just look at economic growth first, the US has been quite resilient, in the last three months particularly but if you’re looking, at other economies, there’s quite a dichotomy between Europe and the US and even China and ourselves. So, the European economies they’re still in positive growth, but it’s very, very, very subdued.
And that’s been led by a much weaker Germany.
It’s still, really struggling to come out of, come out of the slowdown.
But as I said, the US has been, has been relatively robust, and particularly the consumer has been robust in the US, and that’s been linked to having fairly healthy employment, which has allowed for consumer spending to to remain at levels which have been quite good.
If I then look towards our region, China has been really struggling as an economy for some time now, and that’s been led by the property market. That’s been very, very challenging due to the oversupply of property and the, the collapse of two of their largest builders in the country, which has put that, economic system under under pressure.
So, we’re likely to see some more stimulus from China. I’ll talk more about that when we start talking about tariffs. But China’s holding back on that till they wait and see what happens, you know, with with the Trump administration, and what they start to, you know, force on China from a tariff perspective.
And Australia, I mean, growth is still okay. We’re muddling through.
The consumer’s been alright, but I I sense that the last couple of months, the pressure’s really starting to build on the consumer.
And you just see that, with the pricing environment. We had some inflation data out yesterday, which is which is, encouraging for rate cuts to begin soon, which we’ll talk more about as we go through go through this presentation.
But overall, economies are okay. The US is letting the leading the pack as far as strength. Consumer confidence is hanging in there, but it’s still fairly fragile.
And we’re just entering a fairly, a fairly uncertain period here, where it’s the US versus really the rest of the world as far as performance goes, and that’s gonna really drive what happens for the for the rest of the year.
Regarding the US, can you elaborate more on the Trump’s administration plans regarding tariffs, tax cuts, deregulation, immigration, and what impact is that gonna have on the world economy?
Yes. I can, Simon.
There’s a lot to digest here, and there’s been a lot happening in those areas that you mentioned. So firstly, with tariffs, I mean, Trump made pre election promises that he would look to put twenty five percent tariffs on Canada and Mexico, and he still got those claims. They’re starting on the first of February.
He’s also obviously talked about putting tariffs on China, and those estimates are anywhere between ten and sixty percent. But the important point to realize here is, I don’t think he’s thinking about putting tariffs on all goods that are, that are provided to the US by those by those countries. It may only be on some or very few, and that’s what we don’t know yet. So I don’t think these tariff increases or positions are gonna be holistic across, you know, the whole of the goods and services market provided by, provided by those countries.
But it will have, it will have an impact, on the economy, for the US.
And it’s been used before, not in recent times, but over previous decades. And what it does is in the short term, it raises revenue for the country, for the US, which is what they need given they’ve got, you know, a big fiscal deficit, which they need to fund.
So that will help. But the downside is that it’s inflationary because, ultimately, those higher prices will be passed on to the consumer in the US. That’s gonna be, as I said, inflationary.
So, we’ll have to wait and see how this plans out with tariffs, but I personally think he’s using this as just a negotiation tool to get, things in more even footing without going to the extremes of of applying these, you know, across the across all goods provided by those countries.
With regard to tax cuts, well, the tax cuts are already in place. He he, in his last in his last, time in office, reduced the corporate tax rate to twenty one percent.
He has a desire to decrease that to fifteen percent, but that requires, obviously, the approval of congress.
And while that’s good for business, as far as profitability, it’s not good for the government as far as tax receipt take goes.
So there’s a balance here, and it will be interesting to see exactly what, what the congress is is willing to to accept.
The challenge it it does provide is what it does for other countries’ competitiveness against the US Because, clearly, you know, Australian corporate tax rate’s thirty percent. And all the jurisdictions around the world are are much higher than, much higher than that that proposed US tax take. So, we have to see how that how that pans out. But, that’s gonna be that’s gonna be an interesting part of the whole negotiation, I think, that Trump’s using along with tariffs, along with deregulation, everything else as part of his part of his lever mix as I as I call it.
With regard to immigration, I mean, this is not just a US, a US issue. We’re seeing it widespread across, most or pretty much all Western democracies, this desire politically to cut back on immigration.
And you’ve seen a real pivot to the to the right, with governments that have been elected over last year with the exception of the UK.
And we’ve got the Australian election coming up in a couple of months. So that’ll be interesting to see how that pans out. But what it does is that cutting of immigration, again, means a a tightening labor market, and we’ve already got a tight labor market anyway.
As we know, unemployment in the US and Australia, it’s still it’s still pretty low. So those immigration policies are going to potentially have inflationary impacts because we’re just not gonna have the labor availability to keep those wages more controlled. And that’s what’s worrying the business community in both those countries and others for that matter. So we’ll have to wait and see what happens what happens there. And, obviously, then there’s the housing issue as well. I mean, it’s all very well to to immigrate, but you’ve gotta have somewhere to put put, the people.
So I think how this pans out is that both the US I mean, US has been more aggressive, obviously. But in Australia, they’ll certainly look to still have immigration, but it will be at lower levels than we’ve seen historically to try and get the balance right going forward.
And on deregulation, well, that’s that’s just a really, you know, you know, really interesting, thematic at the moment.
And we’re seeing that across a a wide range of areas, but, we’re going to see more deregulation in the US to try and match Trump’s policies, particularly around climate and around what they’re allowing with regarding to the new drilling of oil for oil, what they’re going to, what they’re going to allow, obviously, from from a, from a a cryptocurrency perspective. That’s been very interesting. Trump’s been very supportive of that since his election.
There will be a role for crypto, you know, in the in the new world. I think that’s it’s definitely here to stay.
How that pans out is still unknown, but again, that is not a very heavily regulated, instrument. So there’s a lot of things that are happening here which Trump wants to do to try and ease the cost of doing business.
But there’s gotta be checks and balances as well to make sure that we don’t, you know, have, inappropriate deregulation, which has, you know, second order consequences, from basically bad behaviors.
But that’s where the US are at at the moment.
Simon Hele
So global inflation has eased around the world. What does that mean for interest rates now, now that central banks have got their inflation back within their target range?
Christo Hall
Yes. So, we’ve seen a real shift from this time last year with regard to, central bank behavior. So, as we sit today, around seventy percent of developed countries’ central banks are now cutting interest rates.
Australia being one of the exceptions, as is Japan. They’re actually putting rates up.
So, if you look at what’s happened to inflation, it’s been trending down, you know, pretty aggressively over the last twelve to eighteen months, and it’s in various ranges depending on the jurisdiction. So, you know, the US has come is come down to towards its its its target range, and it’s already in the target range for the central banks within Europe.
And those countries have already begun their their rate cutting, well ahead of Australia. If we look at where Australia sits, we had an inflation print yesterday.
It’s still just outside the two to three percent band, but it’s getting close.
So, what that means for Australia is we’re likely to begin the rate cutting cycle soon, potentially February, potentially next month.
And what we’re looking at with regards to the pricing of rate cuts is three rate cuts priced in for this year for twenty twenty five. I think the Reserve Bank’s gonna be very cautious as to the rate of decline given all the uncertainties we talked about with tariffs and and, the, you know, the global consequences of that, on world economies.
And assuming the US, the US, held rates again last night after having a pretty decent rate cutting cycle, through 2024. I sense we’re coming near the end of that rate cutting cycle in the US, because of the reasons we’ve talked about previously with full employment, now with the threat of inflation from putting, you know, tariffs in, on countries in the flow and effect to the consumer.
So, it’s going to be it’s it’s gonna be a challenge for how the central banks manage this.
But Australia’s been lagging, you know, the rest of the world in on this front. So, we’re gonna start that catch up period. But the one thing I don’t wanna stress, and I’ve been saying this for some time, is the rate cutting cycle is not gonna be as deep as what people were thinking even six months ago. So we will get rate cuts, but we’re entering a world, not just in Australia, but globally, where race are going to remain at a high level for a much longer period of time than we’ve seen over the last, you know, four years four or five years. So, it’s something to be very conscious of, when you think about your asset allocation.
Simon Hele
China has implemented a a stimulus program recently. What impact is that having on their economy?
Christo Hall
So, the China stimulus package, and it was recently announced, was pretty measured.
And so it’s had some benefit, but it’s been pretty mild. And the reason, China’s done that is that they’re really out waiting to see what the US will do with respect to tariffs placed on China itself because that will require a much bigger and more meaningful stimulus response if those tariffs are meaningful that are placed on by Trump.
So the economic growth continues to slow in China. The run rate was around about five percent of economic growth or GDP in 2024. The economy is still expected to slow further in 2025 to around four and a half percent. So, and that’s even with the symmetry measures, and a lot of that has been due, to the property market, which we’ve talked about before. It’s really overhanging the economy, and and it’s been very, very problematic for policymakers to try and get that balance right between financing the economy, but not giving that finance to speculators in the property market.
So, I think the way this will will pan out is, growth will be slower. And and if there is a very meaningful, tariff, response from the US, which I’m not expecting. I’ll just qualify that. I think there may be some, some tariffs placed on China, but I also think that the Trump administration is aware that the consequences of doing that on economic growth globally and the multiplier effect back to the US, you know, make it make it challenging for everyone. So, I think that’ll be quite measured.
And with that backdrop, I think the stimulus program will continue to China, but for China. But I think the economic growth is going to remain around that four and a half to five percent level, for them going forward, which is okay. It it’s not obviously anywhere near as been historically.
But from Australia’s perspective, given they’re our largest trading partner, that’s enough to be able to help us achieve a a moderate rate of economic growth, which is what I’m expecting, going forward for twenty twenty five around that two percent level.
Global equity valuations continue to go higher. And since the US election, the US markets continue to run. Is it sustainable?
So, we’ve seen a, yeah, a very strong risk on appetite for investors post the election. You’re right, Simon. And, mostly equity markets have performed pretty well, with the exception of, I suppose,China for reasons we’ve mentioned earlier. The markets had a very interesting week.
So, the time we’re doing this recording, we’ve had, DeepSeek come out with their their AI language product offering, and that saw, NVIDIA fall twenty percent pretty much in a in a night, which was, the equivalent of a Australian dollar one trillion dollar loss in one night, which is the biggest, monetary sell off in history of the US market. But, of course, you have to put it in the context of where the, where the the stock came from. It’s had an incredible run. But that’s also filtering through to other tech stocks in the Nasdaq.
We’ve seen some a a fair bit of volatility over the last, over the last few days, particularly.
And it’s gonna be interesting to see, you know, how this pans out. I’ve seen already that Trump’s talking about, limiting, you know, chip, provision, to DeepSeek because, obviously, they’re concerned about what that competitive threat may mean for these US companies, such as Nvidia. So, there’s a bit to play out here, and it’s still evolving. But those valuations, have been pretty excessive.
But fair to say, the earnings growth has been very, very significant for those companies as well. So when I look at valuations, you know, across the board, the US is looking elevated, but it’s got a a broader and higher rate of earnings growth than markets such as Australia and other markets in Europe as well. So our valuations are high. I think the fundamentals in the US, at this stage arestill looking okay.
Australia, I’m more cautious on. I think the valuations are looking very stretched there.
We’re more than two standard deviations away from the long term average, and we’ve just got no earnings growth coming through at all. It’s absolutely minimal 2025. So, there needs to be some, some growth coming from somewhere, I think, to try and justify those valuations. So there’s an element of caution for me around Australia.
Simon Hele
In summary, Christo, how do you think 2025 will play out?
Christo Hall
So I think given everything we’ve discussed today, it’s gonna be a year of greater volatility, than we’ve seen in the last couple of years, certainly, and that’s across, all asset classes.
And I think as a general, a general comment that returns are gonna be more subdued from from from most asset classes. Not negative or not bad, but it’s gonna be more subdued. And we’ve had, you know, some pretty good periods over the last two years, particularly, especially in equities. So, to think that those conditions would continue is is probably you wanna have caution around that. So we’re due for a bit of consolidation here.
And the framework around that is is clearly what’s happening with interest rates and inflation and what’s happening geopolitically, you know, with the with the Trump administration and the policies that they’re placing on, on countries, particularly around tariffs, because that will have some some fine effects we need to be very mindful of.
So, the the big issue for me is interest rates. Firstly, how deep will central banks continue to cut and when will when will those that haven’t begun such Australia begin that cycle?
They’ve already begun in other countries, as I mentioned, and Australia’s about to begin. But the key point with interest rates is, you know, we think that the cycle is gonna be shallower than what was expected six months ago. So, we’ll get rate cuts, but they’re gonna settle at a higher rate than we’ve, you know, seen, you know, in the last two years or or longer. And that’s gonna be the case for some time. So, we need to to consider that, when you’re looking at your asset class returns.
The second point, as I said, is the geopolitical side. And it’s not just about tariffs, but it’s also what’s happening in the Middle East and what that means for, the price of oil, as well, because it’s still very unclear how the Middle East is going to is going to pan out. And similarly, with Ukraine and Russia, is there gonna be a deal done there driven by Trump?
If that does, well, then that will create that will create an easing of inflationary pressure from getting Ukraine back to a more stable scenario, given they’re a very, very large provider of grain to the world economy.
And hopefully that will mean sanctions. So, we lift a little bit on Russia and just helping the economy get back to its natural level. So, we need to be mindful of that.
The other key point is currency. Now we’ve seen a meaningful sell off in most currencies against the US, including Australia, over the last year.
And fair value for our currency is around about seventy two, seventy three cents based on where interest rates are projected to be and based on what we call purchasing power parity.
But we’re well below that.
And a lot of that is due to this geopolitical uncertainty and also the interest rate cycle. So I’d expect that, over time as we start in Australia, cutting rates, but the US actually will begin to stop their rate, their rate cutting, then we may have a a period where the Aussie dollar remains below that theoretical fair value for longer than expected. But over long term, that that seventy two to seventy three cent level is is is fair value. So, I need to be mindful of that.
Just going through the asset classes with those comments, I think looking at equities, so I mentioned, I think, Australian equities, again, I still think there’ll be some, some positive returns, but they’re gonna be more subdued, given where valuations are and given where the earnings growth is looking. It’s not that strong. The US is looking better fundamentally. It’s still expensive, but I still think, that the US will provide positive returns. But, again, more modest and with volatility.
We could easily get a ten percent correction, during the first part of the year, and and it would just wash its way through as we go through the rest of the year.
Bonds have been, have been incredibly volatile.
I think the sell off in bonds is now pretty much complete, but I don’t think you’re going to get a massive reduction in in in bond yields either given the inflation story that I’ve been talking about. So the the nominal yields are still attractive. There’s still over four percent in both the US and Australia for government bonds. But we are seeing opportunities, and we’ve talked about this at the at the investment committee level here within, within credit.
There have been some so there have been and will continue to be some really good opportunities there. You have to be very, very selective.
But the banks in Australia, particularly, are continuing to pull away from lending to a lot of the traditional areas that they’ve had exposure to in the past, industry wise. And that is opening up a raft of opportunities for private credit, for example, to to lend to some really, really good businesses. So I think some some great opportunities, exist there.
On the property market, we’ve had some very big falls in office.
I think the UK and Europe are off some of them are off forty percent. In Australia, we’re down about twenty percent, with office valuations.
I think that will bottom during the course of 2025. We’re not quite there yet. But as we saw with retail last year, retail has now bottomed, retail property. And I think retail property has got a much more favorable outlook going forward. I think office will see that happen sometime during 2025, and industrial property still got the right fundamentals.
Probably was running a bit of ahead of itself with valuations, but the the fundamentals there, you know, are still are still pretty good. So that’s property. And then looking at infrastructure. I mean, listed infrastructure’s had an incredible past twelve months.
Unlisted has lagged quite significantly, from a performance standpoint.
And the discount rate’s been rising as rates go up, but it’s a great inflation hedge. So if you look for the right infrastructure projects, which which have got, you know, inflation pricing built into their into their, their revenue streams, that gives you a good protection against inflation. And there will be many more projects which the governments can no longer afford to fund where they’ll be calling on the private sector to look to do that. And we’ll we’ll look to spot those opportunities, for our clients.
And cash. We’ll we’ll cash, you know, risk fee rate, but the cash returns are still okay. And we’re looking at a very, very different dynamic now than what we had, you know, two years ago when rates were almost, you know, kind of half percent.
We’ve got attractive cash rates, still sitting, you know, above four percent. We’ll all get rate cuts, but they’re not going back to two percent, or anything like that. The cash rate is pro probably gonna hit more likely to around three and a half, I think, over the next year. So, it’s still and then, obviously, you’ll get a a margin above that, if you’re putting money in deposits. So that’s still quite attractive for the investor.
Simon Hele
Thank you, Christo, and thank you to everyone for tuning into this edition of the Charts That Matter.
Simon listens and collaborates with his clients to tailor and maintain their wealth management strategies with multi-asset class portfolios.
Peta offers expertise in strategic financial planning, investment management and portfolio administration.
Nick’s professional mantra is to provide advice that will support our clients in reaching their financial goals.
Providing private clients, associations and not for profit organisations with strategic planning and investment advice.
As Chair of the Perks Private Wealth Investment Committee, Christo oversees the investment decisions which drive much of our client investment advice. He is also a driving force in the Perks Family Office.
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